This third national survey of foundations and endowment funds highlights the sector’s remarkable vitality: the number of foundations rose by 60% between 2001 and 2010, whilst 493 endowment funds were established in the space of two years. In economic terms, the expenditure of foundations rose by 36% over eight years, and their assets by 72%. The survey also examines the emergence of endowment funds, a new instrument of philanthropy in France.